裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记 lesson 10 Not for Jazz
本文内容导读目录
Lesson 10 Not for Jazz
一、单词讲解 New words and expressions
jazz n. 爵士音乐
musical [‘mjuzɪkl] adj. 音乐的
instrument [‘ɪnstrəmənt] n. 乐器
clavichord [‘klae vɪkɔrd] n. 古钢琴
recently [‘risntli] adv. 最近
damage [‘dae mɪdʒ] v. 损坏
key [ki:] n. 琴键
string [strɪŋ] n. (乐器的)弦
shock [ʃɑk] v. 使不悦或生气,震惊
allow [ə’laʊ] v. 允许,让
touch [tʌtʃ] v. 触摸
jazz n .爵士音乐
classical music 古典音乐
folk music 民族音乐
country music 乡村音乐
pop (popular) music 流行音乐
play jazz 演奏爵士乐
例: They tried to play jazz on the piano.
他们企图在钢琴上演示爵士乐
rock and roll 摇滚乐
rap 拉普乐(说唱音乐)
musical adj. 音乐的
music [u] 不可数名词
a piece of music 一曲音乐
concert [c] 音乐会
musical adj. 音乐的
musician n. 音乐家
a music lesson 一堂音乐课
a music teacher 音乐老师
a music lover 音乐爱好者
a piece of music 一首音乐
face the music 面对失败;面对不愿面对而又不得不面对之事
a musical instrument 一个乐器
a musical performance 乐器表演
a musical score 乐谱
musical voice 美妙的声音
instrument
1) 器具,仪器
torture instruments 刑具 torture 折磨 [‘tɔ:tʃə]
operation instruments 手术器械
2 )乐器
musical instrument 乐器
—What kind of musical instrument can you play ?
你会演奏哪种乐器呢?
—I can play the guitar. 我会弹吉他。
I can play the piano. 我会弹钢琴。
I can play the violin. 我会拉小提琴。
I can play the saxophone. 我会吹萨克斯风。
instrument 中的 -ment 是名词后缀
movement 移动 [‘mu:vmənt]
government 政府 [‘gʌvənmənt]
judgement 判断 [‘dʒʌdʒmənt]
argument 争论 [‘ɑ:gjumənt]
clavichord n. 古钢琴
recently adv. 最近地
lately adv . 最近地
常用在现在完成时以及过去时中
例: Recently it was damaged by a visitor.
最近它被一个客人弄坏了。
They have recently bought a new car.
他们最近刚买了一辆车。
Have you seen him recently? 最近你见过他吗?
recent adj . 最近的,最新的
例: In recent years, there have been great changes.
最近几年有很大的改变。
What is the most recent news ? 什么是最新的消息?
The photograph seemed quite recent .
这张照片看起来很新是最近照的 .
比较级: more recent
最高级: most recent
Damage v. 损坏
spoil v. 损坏,惯坏,宠坏
damage v. 部分损坏
destroy v. 毁坏,彻底毁坏
spoil
1 )破坏
例: The rain spoiled our excursion.
雨破坏了我们的远足计划。
2 )腐烂
例: The fish has spoiled in the heated room .
鱼在热的房间腐烂变质了。
3 )溺爱
例: Spare the rod and spoil the child.
不打不成器,棍棒出孝子。
damage n [u] [c]
1 )损失 [u (不可数名词) ]
a lot of damage 许多损失
damage to sth 对什么的损失
damage to the car 对车辆造成的损失
damage to crops 对庄稼造成的损失
damage to one’s reputation 对名誉造成的损失
2) damages 赔偿 [c]
damage v. 损坏
1) 部分损坏
break 折断 cut 剪,砍,割
crush [krʌʃ] 压坏,捣坏 tear 撕
stain 弄脏,玷污
都包含在 damage 范围之内。
2 )损害
例: Smoking can damage your health . 抽烟损害你的健康 .
to damage relations between two countries
损害两国的关系。
to damage one’s career 损害某人的职业
damage one’s good name 损害某人的好名誉
destroy v. 毁坏,粉碎(希望,计划等)
例: The fire destroyed the whole forest .
大火毁坏了整个森林。
All my hopes were destroyed by his letter of refusal.
我所有的希望他的一封拒绝信毁灭了。
refusal 名词的拒绝
key n.
1 )琴键
例: She struck the keys too hard.
She hit the keys too hard .
她过分用力地敲击琴键。
2 )钥匙
the key to the door 门的钥匙
the answer to the question 问题的答案
the entrance to the hall 大厅的入口
the train to London 通往伦敦的火车
to 表达有此及彼的方向性
key adj. 关键的,主要的
key structures 关键句型
1.Who is the key person in this class ?
谁是这个班里的关键人物?
Every student. 每一个学生都很关键。
a key question 一个关键问题
string n. (乐器的)弦
1 )细绳(比 cord 细,比 thread 粗)
a piece of string 一条绳子
a ball of string 一卷绳子
2) (附在衣服等之上的)带子
apron strings 围裙带
3 )弦乐器
the string 弦乐器 violin 小提琴
mandolin 曼陀林 cello 大提琴
harp 竖琴 viola 中提琴
guitar 吉他 contrabass 低音弦乐器
都是弦乐器
clavichord 占钢琴(乐器) piano 钢琴
organ 风琴 harpsichord 大键琴
都称为 instrument 。
woodwind 木管乐器 brass 铜管乐器
percussion 打击乐器
4 )一串…,一系列…
a string of necklace 一串项链
a string of pearls 一串珍珠
a string of visitors 一系列的来访者
a string of wins 一系列的胜利
tied to one’s wife’s apron strings
(深受)妻子影响及控制( sl.)
harp on one string 旧调重弹
have a person on a string (口)任意支配某人
shock v. 使 … 不悦或生气,震惊
shocking adj. 令人震惊的
shocked adj. 感到震惊的
be surprised 对…感到惊讶(中性)
be shocked 震惊(贬)
be astonished 目瞪口呆,傻了
be surprised at/by sth 对什么感到吃惊
be shocked at/by sth . 对什么感到震惊
be astonished at/by sth. 对什么感到目瞪口呆
surprise n.
以 surprise 为例:
例: Mary’s birthday is coming. I’ll give her a surprise.
玛丽的生日要到了,我要给她一个惊喜。
a surprise party 一个意外的聚会
to one’s surprise 令某人吃惊的是
allow v. 允许,让(非正式用语)
permit v. [pəˈmit] 允许,让〔法律条文规定,正式用语)
[ˈpəmit] 通行证
1) allow doing… 允许做某事
例: We don’t allow smoking . 我们不允许吸烟。
2) allow sb to do… 允许某人做某事
例: My mean boss doesn’t allow me to use the telephone.
我那个吝啬的老板不允许我使用电话。
allow yourself to make mistakes 允许自己发错误
3 )授予人…
例: He allows his son too much money .他给孩子太多的钱了。
allowance n 津贴,补助,零用钱 (Am.)
例: make an allowance of 5% for cash payment
付现金的话打 9.5 折(付现金的话优惠 95%)
make allowance for 考虑到
touch v. 触摸
touch-me-not 凤仙花
forget-me-not 勿忘我
例: Don’t touch me. 别碰我
Don’t touch that dish. It’s very hot.
不要碰这个盘子它非常烫。
摸起来
类似的词有 sound/taste/look
touched /moved/excited 感动的(主语多是人)
touching/moving/exciting 令人感动的(主语多是物)
touch stone 试金石
a near touch 千钧一发
in touch 保持联系
out of touch 失去联系
二、关键句型 Key Structures
被动语态
1 、构成:由系动词 be+ 过去分词构成,时态通过 be 表现出来。
一般过去时:
例: People make history . 人民创造历史。
History is made by the people. 历史被人民创造。
注意:过去分词的不规则变化
例: They completed the building last year.
他们去年建完这幢人楼。
When was the building completed ?
这幢楼什么时候被建成的?
例: They won’t allow you to take so much luggage with you.
他们不会允许你随身带这么多行李的。
You won’t be allowed to take so much luggage with you .
你不会被允许随身带这么多行李的。
现在进行时:
例: They are building a new railway.
他们正在建造一条新铁路。
A new railway is being built . 一条新的铁路正在被修建。
过去进行时:
例: They were widening the roads. 他们正在拓宽马路。
The roads were being widened. 马路正在被拓宽。
现在完成时:
例: They have redesigned the aircraft .
他们已经重新设计了飞机。
The aircraft has been redesigned. 飞机被重新设计了。
过去完成时:
例: The factory had reduced production costs.
工厂已经降低了生产成本。
Production costs had been greatly reduced.
生产成本已经被降低。
2 、被动语态与主动语态的区分
主动:施动者 + 谓语 + 受动者
被动:受动者 + be + v .过去分词 + ( by+ 施动者)
一般而言,被动语态施动者无需说出,因为这种句式强调的是受
动者。
例: Prisoners of war built this bridge in 1942 .
战俘在 1942 年修建这座桥
The bridge was built in 1942 (by prisoners of war).
Exercise
l) We have an old musical instrument. We call it a clavichord.
我们有一个古乐器,我们把它叫做古钢琴。
We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord.
我们有件古乐器,它被叫做古钢琴
2) Someone made the machine in Germany in 1681 .
有人于 1681 在德国制作了这架机器。
The machine was made (by someone) in Germany in 1681 .
这架机器在 1681 年被制造。
3) a student-composed song 由学生所作曲的一首歌
4) Everybody respected them at that time.
那个时候每个人都很尊重他们。
They were respected by everybody at that time.
那时他们被每个人尊重。
三、 课文讲解 Text
We have an old musical instrument.
have 有,拥有
例: I have many friends. 我有许多朋友。
当“有,拥有”讲时,无被动语态和进行时态。
have 是一个很活跃的词,有很多意思。
have breakfast 吃早饭 have a fever 发烧
have a good time 玩得高兴 have a headache 头疼
have a running nose 流鼻涕 have a swollen face 脸浮肿
have sth done 有别人做某事
have something to do with 与什么有关系
have nothing to do with 与什么没关系
have anything to do with 与什么事情有任何关联
have to do sth 不得去做某事
It is called a clavichord .
主被动之间替换: We call it a clavichord.
It was made in Germany in 1681 .
be made in + 地点 表示产地
+ 时间 表示制作于某时
be made of(a material) 由什么做成(表示仍能看出原材料)
例: The tea pot is made of silver. 这个茶壶是银做的。
be made from (one or a number of materials)
表示己经看不出原材料
例; Glass is made from sand and lime .
玻璃是由沙子和石灰做成的。
This sweater is made from wool. 毛衫是由羊毛做成的。
be made by sb 被…制造
例: This cake was made by my sister.
这个蛋糕是我姐姐做的。
be made for 为 … 做的
例: This cake was made for you . 这个蛋糕是为你做的。
Our clavichord is kept in the living room.
living room 起居室
( room in a private house for general use during the daytime)
sitting room (Br.)=living room 起居室
We keep our clavichord in the living room .
It has belonged to our family for a long time.
belong to 属于(无被动)
类似的词还有: happen
take place
have ( 有 )
The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago.
My grandfather bought it many years ago.
我的祖父很多年前买的它(主动语态)
Recently it was damaged by a visitor .
Recently a visitor damaged it.
最近客人弄坏了它。(主动语态)
She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the too hard and two of the strings were broken.
too 太,过头(贬)
例: You think too much . 你想得太多了。
例: You work too hard . 你工作得太努力了。
break-broke-broken
break vt.
例: She broke two strings . 她弄断两根弦。
She fell and nearly broke her neck . 她摔倒了,摔坏了脖子。
broken adj. 断了的,破了的
例: The glass is broken . 玻璃碎了。
The book is broken . 这本书太破了。
The strings were broken. 琴弦断了。
My father was shocked .
Now we are not allowed to touch it.
Now my father does not allow us to touch it.
现在我的父亲不允许我们碰它(主动语态)
It is being repaired by a friends of my father’s .
A friend of my father’s is repairing it.
我父亲的一个朋友正在修理它(主动语态)
A friend of my father’s ( 双重所有格)
one of my father’s friends 我父亲的一个朋友
例: Tom lent me one of his books. 汤姆借我一本书
Tom lent me a book of his 汤姆借给我一本书
He is one of my friends . 他是我的一个朋友
He is a friend of mine . 他是我的一个朋友
Special Difficulties-make
be made in 表制造于某地或某时
be made of 表能看出原材料
be made from 表看不出原材料
made by sb 表示制造人
made for 为了谁而制造
1) Is your watch made be made of gold ?
你的表是用金子制成的吗?
2) These knives were made be made in Sheffield .
这些刀是在设菲尔德制造的。
3) This cake was made be made from sugar, flour, butter and eggs.
这些蛋糕是用糖、面粉、黄油、鸡蛋制作而成的。
双重所有格
a friend of my father’s 我父亲的一个朋友。
one of my father’s friends 我父亲的一个朋友。
1) He borrowed one of my records 他借了我的一本磁带。
He borrowed a record of mine . 他借了我的一本磁带。
2) She showed me one of John’s pictures .
他给我看强尼的一张照片。
She showed me a picture of John’s
他给我看强尼的一张照片。
3) It was one of her ideas . 这是他的一个主意。
It was a idea of hers . 这是他的一个主意。
4) One of your letters was found on my desk .
你的一封信在我桌上被找到了。
A of your letters was found on my desk.
你的一封信在我桌上被找到了。
5) Some of their friends came to see me .
他们的一些朋友来看我。
Some friends of theirs came to see me .
他们的一些朋友来看我。
四、练习 Exercises
l) We are not allowed to touch it. We ____ touch it .
我们不被允许碰它。
A mustn’t B mustn’t to C haven’t to D don’t have to
分析: B 千万不要,后面只能加动词原形;
C 不合乎语法; D 合乎语法,但意思上不合乎题意;
A 不要做某事,千万不要做某平,合乎语法,含义也正确;
答案是: A
2) The visitor damaged it She____ it.
客人弄坏了它,她弄坏了它
A hurt B pained C broke D destroyed
分析: A 伤害,使伤心,一般指精神上的、情感上的或指对身体
某一部位的伤害;
B 是疼痛,使痛苦; D 毁坏,摧毁建筑物等; C 打碎,损坏。
答案是: C
3) Recently it was damaged. She damaged it ____.
最近它被弄坏了,她弄坏了它。
A late B lastly C lately D finally
分析: A 迟,晚; B 最后; D 最后,最终; C 最近。
答案是: C
4)You have to pass the professional examinations to be ____to the
society.
你不得不通过社会所承认职业考试
A allowed B permitted C admitted D submitted
分析: A 允许; B 许可,允许,准许; C 承认;
D 服从,顺从,提交,递交。
答案是: C
五、复习 Review
Key Structure:
一般过去式的被动语态:
was/were+ v. ed
例: This bridge was built in 1942.
The bridge was built in 1942. 这座桥在 1942 年被修建了。
main points:
music 音乐 classical music 古典音乐
folk music 民族音乐 country music 乡村音乐
pop (popular) music 流行音乐 key to the door 门的钥匙
key structure 关键句型
be surprised at 对 … 感到惊讶(中性)
be shocked at 对 … 感到震惊(贬)
be astonished 对…感到目瞪口呆,傻了
be surprised at/by sth 对 … 感到震惊
be shocked be astonished 对 … 感到震惊
be astonished be astonished 对 … 感到目瞪口呆
touch v. 触摸
touch smooth 摸起来很光滑
you think too hard 你想的太多了
be broken 被弄断了,被弄折了
be made in + 地点 表示产地
+ 时间 表示制作于某时
be made of 由什么做成(表示仍能看出原材料)
be made from 表示已经看不出原材料
be made by sb 被…所制造的
a friend of mine 我的一个朋友
one of my friends 我的一个朋友
六、补充内容
量词
1)a layer of 一层
例: He wrapped each component on several layers of foam
rubber.
每个部件他都用几层泡沫橡胶包了起来。
2)a lot of 许多
例: A lot of rain fell in Scotland last night.
昨天晚上苏格兰下了许多雨。
[ 用法 ] 可修饰可数名词或不可数名词