刘毅词汇10000学习笔记（五）

刘毅词汇10000学习笔记（五）

刘毅词汇10000学习笔记 lesson 5（1）

1、admonish（vt）  give a mild but firm warning or scolding to sb 温和而严正的警告或责备某人  ～ sb for/against sth

The teacher admonished the boys or being lazy 老师责备男学生懒惰。

（v）advise or urge sb seriously 劝告或告诫某人

She admonished us to seek professional help 她劝我们向专业人士求助。

◎ admonishment或admonition（n）警告

◎ admonitory（adj）劝告的，轻责的

★ advise（v）recommend 劝告、忠告，建议  ～ sb against sth/doing sth   ～ sb on sth

The doctor advised me to take a complete rest。医生让我完全休息。

         （v）（尤用于商业）通知或告知某人   ～ sb of sth

Please advise us of the dispatch of the goods 货物发出请通知我们。

2、bide（v）等待

（习语）bide one’s time  等待有利时机

★ remain（v）（通常不用于进行时态）be left or still present after other parts have been removed or used or dealt with 剩下、剩余、遗留

After the fire，very little remained of my house 火灾过后，寒舍所剩无几。

（vi）be left to be seen，done，said 留待以后去看，去说，去做

Much remains to be done 要做的事情还很多。

（vi）（尤做庄重语）stay in the same place；stay behind 停留，逗留，留下

I remain in Landon until May。我在伦敦一直待到五月。

（v）continue to be；stay in the same condition 仍然是，保持不变

He remained silent。他保持沉默。

3、condone（vt）treat or regard an offence as if it were not serious or wrong；overlook；forgive  容忍（过失），宽恕，原谅

Not punishing them amounts to condoning their crime 不惩罚他们就等于纵容他们的罪行

★ excuse（vt）forgive or overlook a fault，etc；pardon sb/sth 宽恕或饶恕（过失等）；原谅某人某事物   ～ sb/sth for sth/doing sth

Excuse me for being late。请原谅我来晚了。

4、designate（vt）mark or point out sth clearly 清楚的标出或指出（某事物）

designate the boundaries of sth 标出某事物的分界线

（v）（尤用于被动语态）choose sb for a special purpose 为某目的选择某人某事物  ～ sb/sth as sth

The town has been designated as a developing area 该城已被定为开发区。

（v）给某人某名称、称号、职务、地位等

She was designated as sportswoman of the year 她被命名为本年度的体坛明星。

★ appoint（vt）choose sb for a job or position of responsibility 挑选某人做某工作或任某职位；任命；委派   ～ sb to sth   ～ sb as sth

He was appointed to the vacant post 他被委派填补那空缺。

5、fend（v）（短语搭配）fend for oneself 照顾自己；自谋生计；独立生活

It is time you left home and leant to fend for yourself 你应该离家自立了。

（短语搭配）fend sth./sb off 抵御或抵挡某事物、某人

The minister had to fend off some awkward questions from reporters 部长需避开记者提出的某些尴尬的问题。

★ defend（vt）protect sb/sth from harm；guard sb/sth 保护某人某物免受伤害；保卫某人某物   ～ sb/sth from/against sb/sth

When the dog attacked me，I defended myself with a stick 那狗扑向我时，我用棍子自卫。

          （vt）为支持某人某事而行动、说话或写文章

The newspaper defended her against the accusation 报纸为她辩护，驳斥对她的指责。

6、hardy（adj）able to endure cold or difficult conditions；tough robust 耐寒的，能吃苦的；强壮的，坚强的；指植物可在冬天过冬的，耐寒的

A few hardy people swam in the icy water 有几个不怕冷的人在冰冷的水里游泳。

★ robust（adj）vigorous；healthy and strong 有活力的，强健的

a robust young man 身强力壮的青年小伙子

（adj）（贬）not delicate or refined 粗野的、粗鲁的

7、limber（adj）（旧）柔软的，灵活的

（短语搭配）limber up （运动等前）做准备活动，活动肢体

I always do a few easy exercises to limber up before a match 我在比赛前总要做些简单的准备活动

★ supple（adj －r －st）bent or bending easily；not stiff；flexible 易弯曲的，柔软的，灵活的

She has a supple mind 她头脑灵活。

8、philanthropy（n）concern for the welfare of mankind；benevolence 博爱，慈善，仁慈

◎ philanthropic（adj）博爱的，慈善的，仁慈的

★ charity（n）loving kindness towards other 慈善，慈悲，慈爱，仁爱

（n）tolerance in judging other；kindness；leniency 宽容，宽厚，仁慈；

（n）generosity in giving money，food，help，etc to the needy 施舍，布施，慷慨

9、recollect（v）（不用于被动语态）succeed in calling sth back to the mind；remember 想起，记得，回忆起

As far as I recollect，you came late 我记得你来晚了。

★ recall（vt）order sb to return from a place （从某处）召回某人  ～ sb from…to…

10、smite（v）（pt  pp  smote  smitten ）hit sb/sth hard；strike 重击（某人某事物）；打

He smote the ball into the grandstand 他把球打到看台上去了。

         （v）对某人产生重大影响

His conscience smote him 他受到了良心的谴责。

 ★ affect（vt）have an influence on sb/sth；produce an effect on 影响

The tax increases have affected us all 加税已经影响了我们大家。

          （vt）指疾病侵染某人某事物；感染

Cancer had affected his lungs 癌已侵及他的肺脏。

11、testimony（n）written or spoken statement declaring that sth is true；esp one made under oath （书面或口头的）证词（尤指发誓后作出的）

According to the witness’s testimony，you were present when the crime was committed 根据证人证词所示，案发时你在犯罪现场。

（n）对事物的见证或证明

The pyramids are testimony to the Ancient Egyptians engineering skills 金字塔是古埃及人工程技术精湛的丰碑。

★ proof（n）evidence that shows or helps to show，that sth is true or is a fact 证据，证物，证言

What proofs have you that the statement is correct？你有什么证据证明这种说法是正确的么？

刘毅词汇10000学习笔记 lesson 5（2）

1、ale（n）（尤用于复合词及词组中）（酒精浓度高，通常为瓶装的）啤酒，麦酒

We sell a wide range of ales and stouts 我们出售种类繁多的浓啤酒和黑啤酒。

★ lager（n）贮藏啤酒

★ stout（n）（烈性的）黑啤酒

2、blend（vt）mix（different types of sth）in order to get a certain quality 混合，搀和

blended coffee 混合的咖啡

（vi）form a mixture；mix 成为混合物，混合 ～ with sth  ～ together

oil and water do not blend 油和水不能混合。

（vi）mix one thing with another；mix things together 将此物与彼物混合；把东西掺杂在一起     ～ A with B  ～ A and B together

blend the eggs with the milk 把蛋掺到奶里

（vi）combine with sth in a harmonious way；look or sound good together 调和，协调，融合 ～ with sth  ～ together

Those cottages blend perfectly with the landscape。那些农舍与周围的风景完全融为一体了。

（vi）（尤指颜色）逐渐融合在一起  ～ into sth

The sea and the sky seemed to blend into each other 海和天似乎连成一片。

★ combine（v）cause things to join or mix together to form a whole （使物件）结合或混合成一个整体；联合；组合；合并；化合     ～ A with B  ～ A and B

Circumstances have combined to ruin our plans for a holiday 各种情况凑在一起破坏了我们的假日计划。

（vt）同时做（不止一件事）；兼有（不止一种）特性    ～ A and B  ～ A with B

combine business with pleasure 寓工作于娱乐之中

3、carnivorous（adj）食肉的

◎ carnivore（n）肉食动物

★ vegetarian（n）吃素的人，食草动物

◎ vegetarianism（n）素食，素食主义

4、denizen（n）（文或谑）长久生长于某地的人或动植物

polar bears，denizens of the frozen north 北极熊，北极冰天雪地的老住户。

★ inhabitant（n）（某地的）居民，住户；栖息的动物

The oldest inhabitants of the island 岛上最早的栖息者

5、frenzy（n）state of extreme excitement；extreme and wild activity or behavior 极度激动的状态；极度狂乱的活动或行为

The speaker worked the crowd up into a state of frenzy。讲演者煽动起群众疯狂的情绪。

★ ferment（n）发酵剂，酵母

          （n）（尤指政治或社会方面的）动荡不安

The country was in a state of ferment。这个国家处于动荡不安中。

6、incapacitate（vt）make sb unable to do sth；weaken or disable sb 使某人不能做某事；使某人孱弱或伤残  ～ sb fro sth   ～ sb from doing sth

Poor health incapacitated him for work 他身体不好，一辈子不能工作。

★ disable（vt）make sb unable to do sth；esp by making a limb or limbs useless  使某人丧失能力；使某人残废（尤指肢体）

a soldier disabled by leg wounds 腿部受伤致残的士兵

7、massacre（n）大屠杀

           （n）（口）（运动队的）惨败

The game was a 10－0 massacre 比赛结果是10－0惨败。

★ slaughter（n）the killing of animals，esp for food 屠宰（尤指供食用）

8、ponder（v）think about sth carefully and for a long time，esp in trying to reach a decision；consider  长时间的仔细考虑某事物（尤指以便作出决定）；深思  ～ on/over sth

I pondered over the incident，asking myself again and again how it could have happened 我反复思考那件事，一再自问究竟是怎么回事。

 ★ meditate（vi）think deeply，esp about spiritual matters 深思，沉思，冥想（尤指精神方面的问题） ～ on/upon sth

I meditate in order to relax 我沉思冥想以松弛精神。

9、riddle（n）puzzling question，statement or description，esp one intended to test the cleverness of those wishing to solve 谜，（尤指）谜语

★ enigma（n）question，person，thing，circumbstance，etc that is difficult to understand；mystery 难于理解的问题，人，物，情况等；奥秘

◎ enigmatic（adj）难以理解的；神秘的

10、spank（vt）slap esp a child with a flat hand，esp on the buttocks，as a punishment 掴（尤指小孩）（尤指打屁股惩罚）

★ beat（vt）hit sb/sth repeatedly，esp with a stick （接连的）打（某人某物）（尤指棒打）

Who’s beating the drum？谁在敲鼓？

11、totter（vi）walk or move unsteadily；stagger 走得或动的不稳；踉跄；蹒跚

The child tottered across the room。那孩子跌跌撞撞走到房间那一边。

★ stagger（vi）walk or move unsteadily as if about to fall from carrying sth heavy，being weak or drunk，etc  蹒跚，踉跄，摇晃着移动

She staggered and fell 她踉跄了几步，跌倒在地。

刘毅词汇10000学习笔记 lesson 5（3）

1、appease（vt）make sb/sth quiet or calm，usu by making concessions or by satisfying demands 使某人某事物安静或平息（通常为作出让步或满足要求）

appease sb’s anger 平息某人的怒气

◎ appeasement（n）平息的行动或政策（尤指为避免战争对潜在敌人作出的让步）；安抚，姑息

★ placate（vt）make sb less angry；soothe or pacify 安慰，抚慰某人，使某人平静，息怒

◎ placatory（adj）安慰的，抚慰的，和解的

2、catastrophe（n）sudden great desaster or misfortune 突如其来的大灾难或大灾祸

The earthquake was a terrible catastrophe 这次地震是可怕的灾难。

◎ catastrophic（adj）灾难性的

★ calamity（n）serious misfortune or disaster 灾祸，灾难

There are worse calamities than failing your driving test 比起你驾驶考试不合格来，更大的灾难还多着呢。

3、daunt（vt）（通常用于被动语态）discourage sb；frighten 使某人气馁，威吓；

I was rather daunted by the thought of addressing such an audience 我一想到要对这样的听众讲话，就有些胆小。

（习语）nothing daunted 毫无惧色，毫不气馁

★ dismay（n）feeling of shock and discouragement 惊愕，气馁，灰心

We watched in blank dismay as she packed her bags 我们瞧着她打行李，感到无可奈何。

4、gape（vi）（贬）stare with an open mouth，usu in surprise 目瞪口呆的凝视，张嘴注视   ～ at sb/sth

What are you gaping at？你目瞪口呆的看什么呢？

★ gawk（vi）（口）stare impolitely or stupidly；无礼的或呆呆的瞪眼看   ～ at sb/sth

I hate being gawking at。我讨厌任佳直瞪着我。

5、duration（n）time during which sth lasts or continues 持续时间，期间

for the duration of this government 本届政府执政期间

★ period（n）length or portion of time 一段时间，时期

He has had several long periods of time abroad。他在国外长期工作过几次。

◎ periodic（adj）定期的，周期的

6、implore（vt）ask or beg sb earnestly；beseech 恳求或乞求某人；哀求；

They implored her to stay 他们恳求她留下。

◎ imploring（adj）哀求的，恳求的

★ entreat（vt）ask sb for sth earnestly and feelingly；beg （为某事）恳求某人 ～ sth of sb

May I entreat a favor of you？您能帮帮忙么？

◎ entreaty（n）恳求，请求，要求

7、muffle（vt）wrap or cover sb/sth for warmth or protection 包裹或覆盖某人某物（为保暖或保护）  ～ sb/sth up in sth

He walked out into the snow，heavily muffled up in a thick scarf and warm overcoat。他雪天出门，裹着厚厚的围巾，穿着暖和的大衣。

★ wrap（vt）cover or enclose sth in soft or flexible material （用软的或可弯曲的材料）包或裹某物  ～ sth up in sth

I have wrapped up the parcels and they’re ready to be posted。我把包裹都包好了，可以寄出去了。

8、prank（n）playful or mischievous trick 玩笑，恶作剧

★ trick（n）thing done in order to deceive or outwit sb 诡计，计谋，花招，骗术

We need a trick to get past the guards 我们需要用计骗过岗哨。

9、saunter（vi）walk in a leisurely way；stroll 漫步，闲逛 

saunter down the avenue 沿着林荫道漫步

★ stroll（vi）walk in a slow leisurely way 散步；漫步；闲逛；溜达

He strolls in and out as he pleases 他随意的出来进去闲逛。

10、trickle（v）cause sth to flow in a thin stream 使某物成小股流动

Blood trickled from the wound 血液从伤口流出来。

★ drip（vi）fall in drops 滴下

Rain was dripping down from the trees 雨水从树上滴下。

刘毅词汇10000学习笔记 lesson 5（4）

1、astound（vt）（通常用于被动语态）overcome sb with surprise or shock；amaze  使震惊，使大吃一惊；使惊奇

We were astounded to read your letter 我们看了你的信大吃一惊。

◎ astounding（adj）使人震惊的

★ amaze（vt）（尤用于被动语态）fill sb with great surprise or wonder 使某人惊异或惊奇

We were amazed at the change in his appearance 他的样子变得使我们大为惊奇。

2、clan（n）group of families，esp in Scotland，descended from a common ancestor 宗族，家族；（尤指苏格兰氏的）氏族；大家族，大家庭

★ tribe（n）racial group（esp in a primitive or nomadic culture）united by language，religion，customs etc and living as a community under one or more chiefs 部落

3、distort（vt）pull or twist sth out of its usual shape 使某物变形，扭曲，弄歪某物

a face distorted by pain 因疼痛而扭曲的脸

（vt）make sth look or sound unnatural 使某物失真

The announcement was so distorted that I couldn’t understand what was said 通告播出的声音严重失真，我听不懂说的是什么。

★ falsify（vt）alter falsely 窜改（如文件）；伪造；

falsify records 伪造记录

（vt）present sth falsely 歪曲（某事物）

falsify an issue 歪曲问题

4、entrust（vt）trust sb to take charge of sth/sb 委托某人负责某事物（照看某人） ～ A to B  ～ B with A

He entrusted his children to me 他托我照看一天孩子。

★ commit（vt）do sth illegal，wrong or foolish 做不合法的、错的或愚蠢的事；犯

commit murder 犯凶杀

5、glutton（n）person who eats too much 贪吃的人，吃的过多的人

You’ve eaten the whole pie，you glutton 你把整块馅饼都吃了，你这贪吃鬼！

★ gormandizer（n）（贬）大吃大喝的人

6、invalid（adj）not properly based or able to be upheld by reasoning 无适当根据的，无道理的，站不住脚的；

an invalid argument 站不住脚的论据

（adj）not usable；not officially acceptable （because of an incorrect detail or details）；not legally recognized 无用的，不能正式接受的，法律上不承认的，无效的

A passport that is out of date is invalid  护照过期的是无效的

（n）病弱者，伤残者；久病者

He has been an invalid all his life 他终身残废。

★ worthless（adj）having no value or usefulness 无价值的，没用的

This contract is now worthless。这份合同现在毫无价值了。

7、overtone（n）（通常做复数）something suggested or implied in addition to what is actually stated；hint 暗示，含义，弦外之音

overtones of despair in a letter 信中字里行间的绝望之意

★ implication（n）含义，暗示，暗指 ～ for sb/sth

The new report has far－reaching implications for the future of broadcasting 这一新报告对广播业的前途有些意味深长的暗示

8、probe（n）tool for examining a place which cannot be reached otherwise，esp a thin implement with a blunt end used by a doctor for examining a wound  探察工具，探测器；（尤指医生用的）探子，探针

（vt）explore or examine sth with or as if with a probe （用或似用探针等）探查，探测

He probed the swelling anxiously with his finger 他很担心的用手指触摸肿处。

★ investigate（v）find out and examine all the facts about sth in order to obtain the truth 调查，侦察

Scientists are investigating to find out the cause of the crash 科学家们正在调查失事的原因。

（vt）find out detailed facts about sb or his character by questioning observation，etc 审问，审查

Applicants for government posts are always thoroughly investigated before being appointed 申请担任政府公职的人总要经过彻底审查才能受到委任。

9、shrine（n）any place that is regarded as hole because of its associations with a special person or event 神圣的地方或处所；圣地，圣坛；神龛

Wimbledon is a shrine for all lovers of tennis 温布尔登是所有网球爱好者的圣地。

★ sanctuary（n）sacred place，eg a church，temple or mosque 圣所，圣地（如教堂、庙宇或回教寺院）

（n）（为受逮捕、攻击威胁的人提供的）庇护所

The fleeing rebels found a sanctuary in the nearby church 叛乱后逃跑的人躲进附近教堂寻求庇护。

10、statute（n）law passed by Parliament or a similar law－making body and written down formally 成文法，法规，法令

（n）any of the rules of an institution  条例；规则，章程

under the University’s statutes 根据该大学的章程

★ bill（n）帐单；广告，招贴，海报，告示；（电影院、剧场等的）节目单；（提交议会讨论的）法案

        （v）send sb a bill for sth 送交某人帐单（要求为某事物付帐） ～ sb for sth

I can’t pay for the books now。Will you bill me for them later？这些书我现在不能付款，事后给我寄帐单来好么？

11、writhe（vi）（of sb or sb’s body）twist or roll about，esp because of great pain （指某人或身体）扭动或翻滚）（尤指因剧痛）

The patient was writhing about on the bed in agony  病人疼的在床上直打滚。

★ wriggle（v）cause sth to make quick，short twisting and turning movements 使某物扭动、蠕动、蜿蜒行进

I can’t brush your hair if you keep wriggling all the time 你要是一直扭来扭去，我就没法给你梳头了。

刘毅词汇10000学习笔记 lesson 5（5）

1、behold（vt）（古或修辞，常用于祈使语气） 看（尤指不寻常之物）

The babe was a wonder to behold。这个婴儿看上去令人称奇。

★ observe（vt）（只用于被动语态） see and notice sb/sth；watch carefully 看到，注意到某人某事物；观察，监视

He observed keenly，but says little 他观察敏锐，但是很少说话

2、condescend（vi）（贬）do sth that one regards as undignified or below one’s level of importance 屈尊，俯就

She actually condescended to say hello to me in the street today。她今天在街上竟能屈尊跟我打招呼。

（vi）（贬）behave kindly or graciously，but in a way that shows one feels that one is better than other people （带有优越感的）故意表示和蔼可亲  ～ to sb

I do wish he wouldn’t condescend to the junior staff in his department。我但愿他不要假惺惺的纡尊降贵接近部门的低级员工。

★ deign（vt）（有时做贬语或反语）be kind or gracious enough to do sth；condescend 屈尊，俯就（做某事）

He walked past me without even deigning to look at me。他从我身旁走过，竟没有屈尊看我一眼。

3、dike（n）ditch for allowing water to flow away from land  排水沟

（n）long wall of earth，etc to keep back water and prevent flooding（拦水防洪的）上堤，堤坝

★ bank（n）河边的斜坡；河边的土地；河岸；河畔

（n）银行

4、flip（vt）toss sth with a sharp movement of the thumb and forefinger so that is turns over in the air （用拇指和食指）捻（某物）（使之在空中翻转）

flip a coin 捻硬币（抛向空中）

（vt）turn sth over quickly 快速的翻转某物  ～ sth over

flip the pages over 很快的翻着书页。

★ toss（vt）throw sth lightly or carelessly or easily 扔，抛，掷  ～ sth to sb

He tossed the book down on the table 他把书扔在桌子上。

5、grisly（adj）causing horror or terror ghastly 恐怖的，可怕的

the grisly remains of the half－eaten corpses 尸体被吃掉一半的恐怖残骸

★ horrible（adj）causing horror 可怕的，令人恐惧的

（adj）令人极不愉快的

6、knave（n）dishonest man；man without honour 不诚实的人，不名誉的人

★ rogue（n）dishonest or unprincipled man 不诚实的或不道德的男子；无耻之徒；

（n）（谑，尤做褒义）调皮捣蛋的人

He’s a charming rogue 他是个淘气鬼

7、parley（n）（尤指正式的）meeting between enemies or opponents to discuss terms for peace，etc 敌对双方的和谈

（v）have a parley 与某人谈判  ～ with sb

★ negotiation（n 不可数名词或可数名词，做可数名词时常做复数）discussion aimed at reaching an agreement；negotiating 商议；谈判；让与；流通

The price is a matter for negotiation 价格是可以谈判的。

8、shred（n）（尤做复数）strip or piece torn，cut or scraped from sth （撕下、切下或刮下的）细条，碎片

The jacket was torn to shreds by the barbed wire 那件夹克让铁丝网给挂碎了。

★ fragment（n）small part or piece broken off（sth） 某物的碎片；某物的片断或不完整部分

I heard only a fragment of their conversation 我只听到他们谈话的只言片语。

◎ fragmentary（adj）支离破碎的

9、surmise（vt）suppose sth without having evidence that makes it certain；guess 猜测某事物，猜想，揣测

With no news from the explorers we can only surmise their present position 我们没有探险者的消息，只能猜测他们现在所处的位置。

★ guess（v） give an answer，form an opinion or make a statement about sth without calculating or measuring and without definite knowledge 猜想，估计，臆测，推测  ～ at sth

10、vicissitude（n）（通常做复数）change in one’s circumstances，esp for the worse （个人境况的）改变，（尤指）变坏

★ variety（n）quality of not being the same，or not being the same at all times变化，多样化

（n）number or range of different things；assortment 若干不同事物的混合  ～ of sth

11、warden（n）person responsible for supervising sth 负责监督、监护或监管的人

the warden of a youth hostel 青年招待所的管理员

★ watchman（n）person employed to guard a building （受雇看守建筑物，如银行、办公楼或工厂的）警卫员，看守人（尤指夜间的）