裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记
本文内容导读目录
lesson 11 One good turn deserves another
一、 单词讲解 New words and expressions
turn [tɜːn] n. 行为,举止
deserve [dɪ’zɜːv] v. 应得到,值得
lawyer [‘lɔjɚ] n. 律师
bank [baeŋk] n. 银行
salary [‘sae ləri] n. 工资
immediately [ɪ’midɪətli] adv. 立刻
turn
turn 是个非常活跃的词汇,有很多用法。
turn v. 作为动词表示转变方向,翻转,转身,变得等含义。
最常用的短语是 turn on/turn off (打开/关掉装有阀门,有开关
的东西)
比如说 turn on the light 打开灯
turn off the light 关上灯
turn on the TV 打开电视
turn off the TV 关上电视
turn on the tap 打开水龙头
turn off the tap 关掉水龙头
turn down (其中 down 本身有向下的意思)表示把音量关小一些
turn up 把音量开大一些
turn over 表示翻身
例: I just turned over and over. 翻来覆去睡不着觉。
turn round/turn around 转过身来
例: I got very angry, I turned round.
我非常生气,于是我转过身来。
turn sb down=let sb down 让某人失望
例: Don’t turn your mother country down .
不要让你看的祖国失望
Don’t turn your parents down. 不要让你的父母失望。
Don’t turn yourself down . 不要让你自己失望。
turn sth down= refuse sth 表示拒绝某事
turn my plan down 拒绝我的计划
turn my help down 拒绝我的帮助
turn against 表示背叛
例: I’ll never turn against my motherland.
我永远也不会背叛我的祖国
turn n.
1 )表示行为,举止等含义
例: Oh, a good turn. 干得不错。
2 )轮流,顺序
例: I knew that my turn had come. 我的顺序到了,轮到我了。
They are on duty in turn. 他们在轮流值班。
deserve v. 应得到的,值得(中性,可褒,可贬)
例 : You deserve it.=You are worthy of it. 你应得的。/活该。
I don’t deserve you. 我配不上你。
1 don’t deserve that. 不敢当。
文章标题 One good turn deserves another. 礼尚往来
Joe deserves the top prize . 乔应该得到一等奖。
deserve 的近义词是 worth adj .值得的
最常用的短语是 be worth doing 值得做某事
例: The film is worth seeing the second time.
这个电影值得再看一遍。
The book is worth reading. 这本书值得读。
be worthy of 值得 …, 足以…
例: be worthy of praise=be worthy to be praised. 值得表扬
worthwhile adj. 值得花费时间、金钱的,值得做的
例: a worthwhile task. 一项值得花费时间和金钱的工作。
lawyer n .律师 (law 是法律的意思)
注:需要保守秘密的职业 secretary (秘书 ) 、 lawyer 、 priest
bank n .银行
例: Why is a river so rich ? 为什么说一条河这么富有啊?
Because it has two banks. 因为他有两个河岸(银行)。
I’m going to bank some money. 去银行存款(名词做动词)
bank holiday (英)一般公休日(与银行没关系)
(美)法定银行假日(星期日以外的假日)
banker 银行家
salary n. 工资 ( 非体力劳动者所拿的月薪)
salary—one’s privacy 注意涉及隐私的问题 salary, age, weight, marital status( 婚姻状况)
income:
salary 月薪 ( 非体力劳动者 )
wage 周薪(体力劳动者所拿的)常用复数
bonus 奖金、红包 [‘bəunəs]
pay 雇主定期付给工资
pay-day 发工资的日子 Today is pay-day
wage earner 体力劳动者
salary man 办公室人员、专业人员
nine-to-five 朝九晚五的,有固定工作的人
an annual salary 年薪
basic salary 基本工资
a fat salary/a high salary/a good salary 高薪
a poor salary/a low salary 低薪
a meager salary 微薄的薪水
immediately adv. 立刻
同义短语 at once ,right away, straight away, quickly promptly
immediate adj. 立刻的、马上的
an immediate answer 立即回答
take immediate action 立即采取行动
an immediate cause 直接原因
an immediate boss 顶头上司,直属上司
二、关键句型 Key Structures
现在进行时:(现阶段或眼前正在进行的动作) be+ v.ing
例: It is raining now. 正在下雨呢。
一般现在时:(经常性或习惯性动作,或者表达一个事实或客观真理)通常是 v. 原型
例: Do you always get up so late ? 你总是起这么晚么?
一般过去时:(过去某时发生的动作或情况,包括习惯性动作)
v.+ed 或不规则变化
例: What happened ?发生什么事了?
现在完成时:(到现在为止已经发生完的动作,强调结果或过去
某时的动作对现在的影响) have/has + v.ed 或不规则变化
例: What has happened ? 已经发生什么事了?
过去进行时:(过去某事或某阶段正在进行的动作)
was/were+ v.ing
例: What were you doing when I telephone?
我打电话时你在干什么?
被动语态:(主语和谓语之间的被动关系) be + v.ed 或不规则变化
例: It was made in Germany. 它在德国制造。
Exercise 用正确的时态填空
1)He usually ____(get) up at 7 o’clock, but this morning he___ (get)
up at 6 .他总在 7 点起床,但今天他 6 点起床了。
答案为 gets got
2) So far, we___ ( not have) a reply.
目前为止,我们还没有个答复。
答案为 have not had
3) While he____ (write) on the blackboard, the children____.
(talk) .
当他在黑板上写字的时候,孩子们在说话。
答案为 was writing , were talking
4) I can’t come now. At the moment I_____(type)a letter.
我现在不能来,我正在打一封信。
答案为 am typing
5) As the royal visitors____(pass),the people cheered.
当王室参观者经过时,人们欢呼起来
答案为 were passing 或者为 passed. 因为主句为一般过去时,从句必须也要用过去的时态。
三、课文讲解 Text
I was having dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in
用过去进行时表示过去某时动作正在发生,描述故事背景
have dinner 其中 dinner 表示正餐
have breakfast 吃早餐
have lunch 吃午餐
have supper 吃晚餐
have dinner
注意:吃一顿饭 have a meal
Tony worked in a lawyer’s office years ago, but he is now working at a bank
in+ 大地方 in Tokyo 在东京
at+ 小地方 at the theatre 在剧院
但也不是绝对的,比如文中的在律师事务所 in a lawyer’s office
( 当作特例记下来)
He gets a good salary ,but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back
表示工资很高可以用 a good/high/fat salary
工资很低可以用 a poor/low salary
关于借东西的短语 :
borrow 借来,即针对主语来讲借入的概念 borrow sth from sb
lend 表示借出去 lend sth to sb /lend sb sth 借给某人 … 东西
pay…back 还钱
pay— paid—paid
pay money for… 为 … 付款
pay for 付款
pay back 还钱 =return the amount of money 归还同等数量的钱
pay off 还清 pay off the debt 还清债务
pay money for 为 … 付款
例: I paid 29 Yuan for this NCE book.
我花 29 元买这本新概念书。
I paid 100000 Yuan for this car. 这辆车我花了十万块。
I’ll pay you back. 我会还钱给你的。/我会报复你的。
(idiom)
an eye for eye, a tooth for tooth . 以牙还牙,以眼还眼。
表示花费的词:
spend 通常指人花费 spend time/money/energy on sth
spend time/money/energy in doing sth
cost–cost–cost 通常物作主语,表示某物花费了多少钱
take 表示花费时间
It take sb some time to do sth .做某事花费某人时间多长时间
(其中 to do sth 是真实主语)
It took sb some time to do sth.( 事情做完了)
例: It takes me 20 minutes to go to work everyday.
每天去上班花费我 20 分钟。
return 表示归还
例: Will you return my key to the car ?
你能把车钥匙还给我么?
return +n. +to: 表示 … 把东西归还某人/把 … 东西放回某处
例: You should return the book to the shelf after you read it .
读完书后把书放回架子上去。
repay [ri’pei]
1) 偿还,还钱
例: He has not repaid me $10 dollars yet .
他还没还我十美元呢。
2 )报答,回报某人
例: I will repay her for kindness.
I will repay her kindness .
我会报答他的好意的。
Tony saw me and came and Sat at the same table (一连串动作)
例: The old lady saw me and came and gave me a bear hug.
老太太看见我,走过来,给我一个热烈的拥抱。
sat at the same table 表示同桌进餐
sit at table 吃饭
sit at the table 坐在桌旁( the 表示特指)
He has never borrowed money from me. While he was eating, I asked him to lend me twenty pounds.
ask sb to do sth 让某人做某事
lend sb sth 向某人借东西
To my surprise, he gave me the money immediately.
to my surprise surprise n.
to my joy 令我高兴的是
to my sorrow 令我悲伤的是
to my disappointment 令我失望的是
to one’s +n 表示令某人 … 的是
I have never borrowed any money from you ,’Tony said, ‘so now you can pay for my dinner!
Special difficulties 本文难点
l 、语序:
有些动词后面用动词不定式作宾语时,往往要在动词后面先加上一个名词或者代词,表达让谁去做。
例: I asked him to lend me 20 pounds
主语是 I 谓语动词是 ask 宾语是 to lend me
He wants me to ask you a question. 他想让我问个问题。
Frank helped Tom to dig this hole.
弗兰克帮助汤姆挖了一个洞。
She taught her son to read. 他教儿子读书。
We advised them to stay at home.
我们建议他们呆在家里面。
They didn’t allow us to enter the museum before 9 o’clock.
他们不准我们在九点之前进入博物馆。
总结:
want sb to do sth 想让某人做某事
ask sb to do sth 让某人做某事
allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
help sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事 (to 可省略掉)
beg sb to do sth 祈求某人做某事
teach sb to do sth 教某人做某事
advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事
expect sb to do sth 某人做某事
练习 将括号内的词用正确的语序排列好:
1) The officer ordered (to fire, at the enemy, the men )
军官命令手下朝敌人开火。
答案 3 1 2
2)He wants (his wife, this dress, to wear )
他希望他的妻子穿着件裙子。
答案 1 3 2
3) She wants (us, it, to explain )他想让我们解释这件事情
答案 1 3 2
4) I cannot allow( the room, him, to enter )
我不允许他进房间。
答案 2 3 2
2 、 salary 月薪(非体力劳动者)
Wages 周薪(体力劳动者) [weidʒ]
例: He collects his salary at the end of each month .
他每个月末领取工资。
The workmen collected their wages at the end of the week.
工人们每周末领取工资。
3 、 borrow 借进来
lend 借出去
例: He has never borrowed any money from me.
他从来没向我借过钱。
I asked him to lend me 20 dollars.
我让他借我 20 美元。
练习;用恰当的词填空
1)He is a bank manager and he gets a good_____ .
答案: salary
2)I____ him some money and he said he would give it back to me
when he got his____
答案: lent salary/wages
3) Yesterday he____my laptop (手提电脑) .I hope he returns it
soon.
答案: borrowed laptop 放到腿上比较轻便的东西,于是
laptop 就成为手提电脑的意思。
4) The postmen are on strike again (又罢工了) .They want
higher____ .答案: wages
5) Workmen’s____ have gone up a lot in the last year.
去年工人的工资上涨了很多
答案: wages
四、练习 Exercises
Tony is working at a bank_____.
at the moment B. a year ago C. since last year
for a year
分析:
B 选项表示一年前,搭配一般过去时;
C 表示从去年以来; D 表示有一年时间 他们搭配现在完成时;
A 表示此刻眼下,可以试用现在进行时。
答案是 A.
He gets a good salary. His salary is very_____.
good B. well C. fine D. beautiful
分析:修饰工资用 good
答案为 A
B 表示健康的; C 表示 良好的,美好的; D 表示漂亮的。
Tony must pay the money back. He must_____.
pay it again B. pay it C. repay it D. pay to once more
分析: A 表示再次付款; B 表示付钱,付清;
D 表示再次付款 pay it again 相当子 pay to once more 。
答案为 C 表示偿还欠款或者债务
I have devoted four weekends to writing papers and now I feel
I____ a rest.
deserve B. preserve C. perceive D. receive
我花了四个周末写论文,现在我要休息一下
分析:
A 表示(因为行为、品行、才干)应该得到; 答案为 A
B 表示保护维持; C 表示理解领悟;
D 表示受到,通常指受到物品时的动作。
五、复习 Review
1 、现在进行时:(现阶段或眼前正在进行的动作) be + v.ing
例 He is now working at a bank. 他现在就职于一家银行。
2 、一般现在时:(经常性或习惯性动作;事实;客观真理)
例: He gets a good salary.
He always gets up late.
3 、一般过去时:(过去某时发生的动作或情况,包括习惯性动作
在内) v.+ed 或不规则变化
例: Tony saw me and came and set at the same table.
4 、现在完成时:(以前发生的动作或情况,强调到现在为止这个
时期中发生的情况以及对现状有影响的某一已发生的动作〕
have/has +v. ed 或不规则变化
例 :He has never borrowed money from me.
5 、过去进行时:(过去某个时刻正在进行的动作) was/were +
v.ing
例 :I was having dinner when Tony came in.
6 、被动语态:(表示主语和谓语是被动关系)
be+v.ed 或不规则变化
例: The bridge was destroyed by the flood. 桥被洪水毁了。
turn
good turn
turn down
turn up
turn over
turn around
turn on
turn off
one good turn deserves another 礼尚往来的意思
You deserve it!
be worthy of
be worthy to do sth
be worthy doing sth
basic salary
a fat salary
a high salary
a meager salary
pay sth back
borrow sth from sb
lend sb sth
pay for
to my surprise
to my joy
to my sorrow
to my disappointment
六、补充内容
量词
1 、 a mop of[ 非正式用法]一团(蓬乱的头发)
例: She had a mop of black hair. 她有一头蓬乱的黑发。
mop [ m ɔ p ]n .拖把;蓬乱的头发 v. 用拖把拖洗;擦干
2 、 a mouthful of 一口(食物或者饮料); 一点
例: Having a mouthful of breakfast, she hurried out.
他吃了一点早饭就匆匆出去了。
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